The academic reading course unpicked the written style of a paper. A lecture is the same subject matter spoken aloud — and it sounds very different.
There is no rewinding in a lecture hall. This week is not about catching every word. It is about catching the signals that tell you what to write down.
| Feature | Paper | Lecture |
|---|---|---|
| Ending | -다 · -였다 | -습니다 · -죠 · -거든요 |
| The listener | (absent) | 여러분 |
| The writer | 본 연구는 | 제가 · 저희가 |
| Starting a point | 먼저 | 자, 먼저 |
1 · Three endings, three jobs
| Ending | Job | Example |
|---|---|---|
| -습니다 | The official statement — often the point itself | 도시의 나무는 기온을 낮춥니다. |
| -죠 | Checks that you are following, or appeals to shared knowledge | 여름에 그늘에 들어가면 시원하죠? |
| -거든요 | Adds the reason or background the lecturer thinks you lack | 나뭇잎이 햇빛을 막아 주거든요. |
Three sentences, three endings
교수
도시의 나무는 여름철 기온을 낮춥니다.
dosiui namuneun yeoreumcheol gioneul natchumnida.Trees in a city lower the temperature in summer.The point.교수
여러분도 여름에 그늘에 들어가면 시원하죠?
yeoreobundo yeoreume geuneure deureogamyeon siwonhajyo?You feel cooler in the shade in summer too, don't you?A check — no answer expected.교수
Say this conversation out loud나뭇잎이 햇빛을 막아 주거든요.
namusipi haetbicheul maga jugeodeunyo.That's because leaves block the sunlight.The reason.2 · 자 opens a new move
자 on its own is not a word you translate. It is a lecturer clearing their throat in words — right, now then.
It is also one of the most reliable signals in a lecture: after 자, something new usually starts — a new section, a slide, a question to the room.
Day 1 words
강의
ganguia lecture여러분
yeoreobuneveryone (addressing an audience)자
jaright, now then (opens a new move)그늘
geuneulshade기온
gionair temperature막다
makdato blockA lecturer ends a sentence with -거든요. What is arriving?
What usually follows 자 in a lecture?
Before the quiz
- I expect -습니다, -죠 and -거든요 in the same lecture.
- I treat -습니다 sentences as the likely points.
- I hear -거든요 as "here is why".
- I listen for 자 as the start of something new.