Step 4 · Words

Words in the order they get harder to read

Most beginner word lists group by meaning — family, food, colours. That is good for memorising and useless for reading. These are grouped by how hard they are to read.

1No final consonant

Every syllable here is one consonant plus one vowel. Read them left to right, top to bottom — nothing is hiding underneath.

tree나무namutree나무
baby아기agibaby아기
cucumber오이oicucumber오이
milk우유uyumilk우유
nosekonose
rainbirain
meat고기gogimeat고기
sea바다badasea바다
grapes포도podograpes포도
head머리meorihead머리
leg다리darileg다리
rabbit토끼tokkirabbit토끼
car; teachacar; tea
doggaedog
birdsaebird
sunhaesun

2One final consonant

Now a third letter sits under the block. It closes the syllable — say it, but stop the air instead of releasing it.

mountainsanmountain
watermulwater
housejiphouse
moondalmoon
starbyeolstar
eye; snownuneye; snow
handsonhand
doormundoor
bookchaekbook
flower[]kkotflower
breadppangbread
cupkeopcup
shoes신발sinbalshoes신발
apple사과sagwaapple사과
sky하늘haneulsky하늘
clock시계sigyeclock시계
WrittenSaidRule
kkotㅊ at the end of a block is pronounced as a plain t sound.

3Where writing and sound part ways

Korean spelling keeps the word’s shape even when the sound changes next to a neighbour. These are the few rules where what you read is not quite what you say — and they are regular, so they are worth learning as rules rather than as exceptions.

broth국물[궁물]gungmulbroth국물
좋아요[조아요]joayoit’s good좋아요
같이[가치]gachitogether같이
신라[실라]sillaSilla (kingdom)신라
학년[항년]hangnyeonschool year학년
값이[갑씨]gapsithe price값이
먹어요[머거요]meogeoyoI eat먹어요
한국어[한구거]hangugeothe Korean language한국어
WrittenSaidRule
국물궁물 gungmulㄱ before ㅁ turns into ㅇ. A stop next to a nasal becomes a nasal.
좋아요조아요 joayoㅎ between a vowel and a vowel goes silent.
같이가치 gachiㅌ followed by 이 becomes ㅊ.
신라실라 sillaㄴ next to ㄹ becomes ㄹ.
학년항년 hangnyeonㄱ before ㄴ turns into ㅇ — the same nasal rule as 국물.
값이갑씨 gapsiA double final consonant splits: one stays, one moves to the next block.
먹어요머거요 meogeoyoA final consonant slides into the next block when that block starts with ㅇ.
한국어한구거 hangugeoSame slide: the ㄱ of 국 moves over to 어.
You can read Korean

Not fluently, and not fast — but the letters are no longer a wall. Everything from here is words and habits, and you already know how to sound out any block you meet.

Where to go from here

Practise theseGrammar notesBack to the path